Abbreviated as FL by ABBREVIATIONFINDER, Florida is a state located in the southern region of the United States. The capital is Tallahassee. With the fall of the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship, the most disgusting Cuban murderers, such as Esteban Ventura, Rolando Masferrer, Julio Laurent, and Pilar García, immediately found refuge in Florida, where they lived luxuriously with money stolen from the State at their disposal. departure from Cuba. The list of terrorists and murderers from different parts of the world who today live in this territory is endless.
Name
The Florida peninsula was discovered by Juan Ponce de León on Easter Monday. Since Easter is also known as Easter Florida, the peninsula was called: Florida Peninsula.
Spanish discovery
Juan Ponce de León
Jointly discovered by Juan Ponce de León, Pinzón, Díaz de Solís and Américo Vespucciowhen they were sailing around the Gulf of Mexico, while the eastern part was recognized in 1498 by Juan Caboto.
Various provisions of the 16th century that authorized the taking of indigenous people from places where there was no gold, allow us to suppose that several more travelers arrived in Florida (then considered an island under the name of Bimini), until April 2, 1513.
Ponce de León took possession of that supposed island, giving it its current name, either because of the beauty of its land or because of the Easter holiday.
According to tradition, the main reason that led Ponce de León to venture into this part of North America was to find the Fountain of Youth (or Fountain of Eternal Youth) that indigenous stories supposed in one of the arches or at the bottom of a hammock of the Florida peninsula. He must not have been the first Spaniard to arrive in that land, since he found at least one native in 1513 who could speak Spanish.
Hernández de Córdoba reached it, together with Antón de Alaminos, in 1517; later Juan de Grijalva (1518), Camargo (1519) and, above all, Álvarez de Pineda, confirmed, when completing the exploration of the Gulf of Mexico, the continentality of Florida. With the news given by these discoverers, Pope Leon X erected 5 of December of 1520the diocese of Santiago of Florida, when in fact, Christians were the only Europeans who explored it.
In 1538 the expedition led by Hernando de Soto left Spain, who carried out an expedition, departing from Tampa, crossing the Appalachian Mountains until reaching practically the middle course of the Mississippi River, it can be considered that in the 16th century and until the end of the 18th century it received the The name of Florida is a much larger territory than the one that currently receives that name.
The government of Florida that Hernando de Soto was awarded included the current states of Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi, having approximately the 36 ° N parallel as its northern limit or, somewhat more to the south, the parallel to Cape Medanoso (Cape Hatteras).
Spanish colonization
In 1544 Julián de Sámano and Pedro de Ahumada tried to conquer Florida, but the king did not give the authorization. Shortly afterwards he granted Fray Luis de Cáncer, Bartolomé de las Casas’s companion, to carry it out with the sole preaching of the Gospel without the intervention of arms, but before being able to do so, Cancer perished when he disembarked in 1549.
After this failure, Pedro de Santander proposed colonization with paid people so as not to abandon the natives, ensure the passage of fleets and avoid the settlement of enemies.
In 1558, Guido de Lavezares was established in the Philippine Bay (Mabila) and 14 of August of 1559 anchored in Pensacola the expedition of Tristan de Luna, whose missionaries was the great defender of the Indians, Domingo de Salazar, soon bishop of Manila. After traveling the territory, they could not settle in it and were collected in 1561 by Ángel Villafañe, who tried to settle in Santa Elena (South Carolina) without success.
The definitive conquest took place after the French Huguenots founded a colony on the Atlantic coast (Fort Caroline) in 1562, which, abandoned shortly after, was restored by order of Admiral Coligny, even though the Queen of France heard from her daughter, Elizabeth de Valois, that her husband, Philip II, would not consent to the presence of heretics in their territories.
It was intended with this to attack the fleet of the Indies when crossing the channel of the Bahamas; transfer the wars of religion to the New World and confront French opinion against Spain. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés was in charge of ending these problems and he did so by fulfilling the orders he received from the monarch. After the victory, he displayed great activity and ensured the Spanish colonization; founded San Agustín (the oldest permanent European settlement, 1565, occupied today in the USA) and established forts in Carlos Bay, Tampa, Gualé and Santa Elena as well as the mission of Tegesta in territory of the Tequesta ethnic group practically where today Miami is located, ensuring your communication by sea; and he made friends with the neighboring caciques, whom the first Jesuits who arrived in the New World tried to Christianize at his request.
English presence
In 1607 the English settled in present-day Virginia, near the Chesapeake Bay, and founded Jamestown. Spain viewed the event as a usurpation and a threat, and reacted immediately, albeit weakly. In 1609 Felipe III sent an expedition against this establishment under the command of Captain Fernández de Écija and Ensign Juan Rodríguez de Cartaya and Juan de Santiago, but since his strength was insufficient he did not attack it, limiting himself to provoking hostilities by the Indians against the English; This indirect technique of war would later revert against the Spanish establishment, and then it was not effective because the King of Spain, to attract England, He temporized with his colonists, as he hoped that they would fail by themselves, which did not happen.
After the sacking of Saint Augustine by the English buccaneer John Davis and a rebellion of the Appalachian Indians that caused the retreat of those prosperous missions, the English, taking advantage of these circumstances, advanced little by little towards the south, and consolidated their positions when settling in 1670, and definitively, in Charleston (South Carolina), remaining only between the Spanish settlements of Florida and that of the English of Carolina the missions of the current state of Georgia.
Over time, all the missions in the northern part of Florida were destroyed and uninhabited, an occasion that the Englishman James Oglethorpe took advantage of to create a new English colony, called Georgia, between the Savannah River (or in the Spanish spelling Yamacraf) and Altamaba. In this way the territorial extension of primitive Florida was progressively reduced.
In 1739 the Jenkins Ear War broke out, the immediate cause of the conflagration was an incident off the coast of Florida when the captain of a Spanish coast guard, Juan León Fandiño, intercepted the Rebbeca under the command of Robert Jenkins and he had his ear cut off; after which he released him with this insolent message: ” Go and tell your King that I will do the same to him if he dares to do the same.” England will declare war on Spain.
- CountryAAH: Offers a full list of cities and towns in Florida, together with postal codes for each of them, and including capital city of Florida.
Cession of Florida to England
By the Treaty of Paris in 1763 Florida was ceded by Spain to England, along with the territories east and southeast of the Mississippi. England obtained the return of the port of Havana and Manila (Philippines), occupied during Seven Years’ War (1756- 1763) that Spain was doomed to enter 1761).
As compensation to Spain for the loss of Florida, France, (which, in order to gain Spain’s allied participation in the Seven Years’ War, had already offered it according to the secret Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)), cedes Louisiana to Spain.: it was the immense territories that since 1673 they had claimed after their explorations that descended from their colonies in New France (present-day Quebec, and Acadia, Canada, along the Mississippi River and that had been named Louisiana in honor of the Sun King.
